Unless you’re a network engineer, you probably don’t think about how much energy the mobile network infrastructure that connects our smartphones and other gadgets consumes. But if you did, you’d be shocked. According to the International Energy Agency, global data transmission networks consumed 260-340 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity in 2021. That’s roughly the same amount of energy that England, the country, consumed in the same year (333.2 TWh).